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The global pandemic of COVID-19 poses significant challenge to the recycling of disposable polypropylene (PP)-based waste masks. Herein, a simple but effective sulfonation route has been proposed to transform PP-based waste masks into value-added hard carbon (CM) anode materials for advanced sodium-ion batteries. The sulfonation treatment improves the thermal stability of the PP molecule, preventing their complete decomposition and the release of massive gas molecules during the carbonization process. Meanwhile, the oxygen functional groups introduced during sulfonation effectively facilitates the cross-linking between the PP chains, hindering the rearrangement of carbon microcrystalline structures and enhancing its structural disorder. As a result, the prepared hard carbon anode (CM-180) with a high disorder degree and minimal surface defects realizes a high sodium storage capacity of 327.4 mAh g−1 with excellent cycle and rate capability. In addition, when coupled with O3–NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode, the fabricated sodium-ion full cell delivers a high energy density of 238 Wh kg−1 and achieves an outstanding rate capability with a retained capacity of 75 mAh g−1 even at an ultrahigh current rate of 50 C. This work offers a novel insight into transforming the waste masks to value-added hard carbons with promising prospects for sodium-ion batteries. © 2023
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Objective To explore the genomic changes of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells after the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) infecting the human body, and establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), in order to understand the impact of SARS-COV-2 infection on human olfactory neuroepithelial cells, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia. Methods The public dataset GSE151973 was analyzed by NetworkAnalyst. DEGs were selected by conducting Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway analysis. PPI network, DEGs-microRNA regulatory network, transcription factor-DEGs regulatory network, environmental chemicals-DEGs regulatory network, and drug-DEGs regulatory network were created and visualized by using Cytoscape 3.7.2. Results After SAR-COV-2 invading human olfactory neuroepithelial cells, part of the gene expression profile was significantly up-regulated or down-regulated. A total of 568 DEGs were found, including 550 up-regulated genes (96.8%) and 18 down-regulated genes (3.2%). DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes such as endothelial development and angiogenesis of the olfactory epithelium, and the expression of molecular functions such as the binding of the N-terminal myristylation domain. PPI network suggested that RTP1 and RTP2 were core proteins. MAZ was the most influential transcription factor. Hsa-mir-26b-5p had the most obvious interaction with DEGs regulation. Environmental chemical valproic acid and drug ethanol had the most influence on the regulation of DEG. Conclusion The gene expression of olfactory neuroepithelial cells is significantly up-regulated or down-regulated after infection with SAR-COV-2. SARS-CoV-2 may inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells by inhibiting the function of PAX7. RTP1 and RTP2 may resist SARS-CoV-2 by promoting the ability of olfactory receptors to coat the membrane and enhancing the ability of olfactory receptors to respond to odorant ligands. MAZ may regulate DEGs by affecting cell growth and proliferation. Micro RNA, environmental chemicals and drugs also play an important role in the anti-SAR-COV-2 infection process of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells.Copyright © 2022 Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai Second Medical University. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To understand the current situation of nurses' professional quality of life in China and its correlation with benefit findings, so as to provide reference for formulating targeted measures to improve nurses' professional quality of life in China. Methods: Questionnaire star was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 11 924 registered nurses in China from January 2022 to April 2022 using the General Information Questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) and the General Benefit Discovery Scale (GBFS). SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: The scores of various dimensions of nurses' ProQOL scale were: Compassion satisfaction was (32.71±6.81) points, burnout was (27.38±5.20) points, secondary traumatic stress was (28.44±6.67) points, and the total score of GBFS was (100.90±18.04) points. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the main influencing factors of compassion satisfaction were marital status, position, work unit level and educational background (P <0.05). The main influencing factors of burnout were position, professional title, work unit level and whether there were children to be taken care of at home (P <0.05). The main influencing factors of secondary traumatic stress were education background, marital status, professional title, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, whether to be an epidemic support staff and position (P <0.05). Benefit finding independently predicted the three dimensions of nurses' professional quality of life (P <0.001). Conclusions: Chinese nurses' professional quality of life was at a moderate level and it was significantly affected by benefit finding. Attention should be paid to factors such as marital status, work unit level, position, professional title, education background, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, so as to improve the level of nurses' benefit finding, promote their personal growth, provide good job guarantee, and improve Chinese nurses' professional quality of life. © 2023, Editorial department of Chinese Medical Ethics. All rights reserved.
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Objective To explore the genomic changes of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells after the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) infecting the human body, and establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), in order to understand the impact of SARS-COV-2 infection on human olfactory neuroepithelial cells, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia. Methods The public dataset GSE151973 was analyzed by NetworkAnalyst. DEGs were selected by conducting Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway analysis. PPI network, DEGs-microRNA regulatory network, transcription factor-DEGs regulatory network, environmental chemicals-DEGs regulatory network, and drug-DEGs regulatory network were created and visualized by using Cytoscape 3.7.2. Results After SAR-COV-2 invading human olfactory neuroepithelial cells, part of the gene expression profile was significantly up-regulated or down-regulated. A total of 568 DEGs were found, including 550 up-regulated genes (96.8%) and 18 down-regulated genes (3.2%). DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes such as endothelial development and angiogenesis of the olfactory epithelium, and the expression of molecular functions such as the binding of the N-terminal myristylation domain. PPI network suggested that RTP1 and RTP2 were core proteins. MAZ was the most influential transcription factor. Hsa-mir-26b-5p had the most obvious interaction with DEGs regulation. Environmental chemical valproic acid and drug ethanol had the most influence on the regulation of DEG. Conclusion The gene expression of olfactory neuroepithelial cells is significantly up-regulated or down-regulated after infection with SAR-COV-2. SARS-CoV-2 may inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells by inhibiting the function of PAX7. RTP1 and RTP2 may resist SARS-CoV-2 by promoting the ability of olfactory receptors to coat the membrane and enhancing the ability of olfactory receptors to respond to odorant ligands. MAZ may regulate DEGs by affecting cell growth and proliferation. Micro RNA, environmental chemicals and drugs also play an important role in the anti-SAR-COV-2 infection process of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells.
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Objective: To understand the current situation of nurses' professional quality of life in China and its correlation with benefit findings, so as to provide reference for formulating targeted measures to improve nurses' professional quality of life in China. Methods: Questionnaire star was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 11 924 registered nurses in China from January 2022 to April 2022 using the General Information Questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) and the General Benefit Discovery Scale (GBFS). SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: The scores of various dimensions of nurses' ProQOL scale were: Compassion satisfaction was (32.71±6.81) points, burnout was (27.38±5.20) points, secondary traumatic stress was (28.44±6.67) points, and the total score of GBFS was (100.90±18.04) points. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the main influencing factors of compassion satisfaction were marital status, position, work unit level and educational background (P <0.05). The main influencing factors of burnout were position, professional title, work unit level and whether there were children to be taken care of at home (P <0.05). The main influencing factors of secondary traumatic stress were education background, marital status, professional title, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, whether to be an epidemic support staff and position (P <0.05). Benefit finding independently predicted the three dimensions of nurses' professional quality of life (P <0.001). Conclusions: Chinese nurses' professional quality of life was at a moderate level and it was significantly affected by benefit finding. Attention should be paid to factors such as marital status, work unit level, position, professional title, education background, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, so as to improve the level of nurses' benefit finding, promote their personal growth, provide good job guarantee, and improve Chinese nurses' professional quality of life. © 2023, Editorial department of Chinese Medical Ethics. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To understand the current situation of nurses' professional quality of life in China and its correlation with benefit findings, so as to provide reference for formulating targeted measures to improve nurses' professional quality of life in China. Methods: Questionnaire star was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 11 924 registered nurses in China from January 2022 to April 2022 using the General Information Questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) and the General Benefit Discovery Scale (GBFS). SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: The scores of various dimensions of nurses' ProQOL scale were: Compassion satisfaction was (32.71±6.81) points, burnout was (27.38±5.20) points, secondary traumatic stress was (28.44±6.67) points, and the total score of GBFS was (100.90±18.04) points. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the main influencing factors of compassion satisfaction were marital status, position, work unit level and educational background (P <0.05). The main influencing factors of burnout were position, professional title, work unit level and whether there were children to be taken care of at home (P <0.05). The main influencing factors of secondary traumatic stress were education background, marital status, professional title, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, whether to be an epidemic support staff and position (P <0.05). Benefit finding independently predicted the three dimensions of nurses' professional quality of life (P <0.001). Conclusions: Chinese nurses' professional quality of life was at a moderate level and it was significantly affected by benefit finding. Attention should be paid to factors such as marital status, work unit level, position, professional title, education background, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, so as to improve the level of nurses' benefit finding, promote their personal growth, provide good job guarantee, and improve Chinese nurses' professional quality of life. © 2023, Editorial department of Chinese Medical Ethics. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: Pediatric pain is a complex health challenge requiring a multi-modal management approach. It is critical that healthcare providers (HCPs) have access to ongoing, flexible education and mentorship specific to pediatric pain. However, there are significant gaps in available pain education and a need for more opportunities to support interprofessional training. Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (Project ECHO®) is a model for delivering online HCP education and cultivating a virtual community of practice. Within the pediatric pain setting, ECHO® has potential to improve local access to specialized pain knowledge, particularly among the physicians, nurses, and allied health providers who primarily manage these cases in community and hospital settings across rural and urban environments. The purpose of this study was three-fold. First, to evaluate the feasibility (participation levels, acceptability) of implementing Project ECHO® in the context of pediatric pain. Second, to measure preliminary program impacts on HCP knowledge, self-efficacy, and clinical practice. Third, to characterize HCP program engagement levels before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A needs assessment was conducted to identify interprofessional education gaps and inform the program curriculum. The no-cost Pediatric ECHO® for Pain program offered TeleECHO sessions (didactic and case-based learning) as well as foundational education. Surveys were distributed at baseline and 6 months to assess outcomes using 7-point Likert scales. Participant engagement was assessed for periods prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Eighty-five TeleECHO sessions were hosted, with a mean attendance of 34.1 ± 23.4 HCPs. Acceptability scores at 6 months (n = 33) ranged from 5.0 ± 1.4 to 6.5 ± 0.5. Participants reported statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements in knowledge (7 out of 7 topics) and self-efficacy (8 out of 9 skills). Most participants reported positive practice impacts, including improved satisfaction with managing children with pain. Exploratory analyses showed a trend of greater engagement from ECHO® learners after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Project ECHO® is a feasible and impactful model for virtual education of interprofessional HCPs in managing pediatric pain.
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COVID-19 , Education, Medical , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Pain , Pain Management/methods , Pandemics , Education, Distance , MentorsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the genomic changes of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells after the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) infecting the human body, and establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), in order to understand the impact of SARS-COV-2 infection on human olfactory neuroepithelial cells, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia. Methods The public dataset GSE151973 was analyzed by NetworkAnalyst. DEGs were selected by conducting Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway analysis. PPI network, DEGs-microRNA regulatory network, transcription factor-DEGs regulatory network, environmental chemicals-DEGs regulatory network, and drug-DEGs regulatory network were created and visualized by using Cytoscape 3.7.2. Results After SAR-COV-2 invading human olfactory neuroepithelial cells, part of the gene expression profile was significantly up-regulated or down-regulated. A total of 568 DEGs were found, including 550 up-regulated genes (96.8%) and 18 down-regulated genes (3.2%). DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes such as endothelial development and angiogenesis of the olfactory epithelium, and the expression of molecular functions such as the binding of the N-terminal myristylation domain. PPI network suggested that RTP1 and RTP2 were core proteins. MAZ was the most influential transcription factor. Hsa-mir-26b-5p had the most obvious interaction with DEGs regulation. Environmental chemical valproic acid and drug ethanol had the most influence on the regulation of DEG. Conclusion The gene expression of olfactory neuroepithelial cells is significantly up-regulated or down-regulated after infection with SAR-COV-2. SARS-CoV-2 may inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells by inhibiting the function of PAX7. RTP1 and RTP2 may resist SARS-CoV-2 by promoting the ability of olfactory receptors to coat the membrane and enhancing the ability of olfactory receptors to respond to odorant ligands. MAZ may regulate DEGs by affecting cell growth and proliferation. Micro RNA, environmental chemicals and drugs also play an important role in the anti-SAR-COV-2 infection process of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells. Copyright © 2022 Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai Second Medical University. All rights reserved.
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Objectives Nursing homes (NH) confronted tremendous difficulties considering confirmed residents Covid-19 cases and deaths in the U.S. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) applies the Five-Star Quality Rating (FSQR) to indicate the quality of care in nursing homes based on health inspection surveys, staffing as well as care process and resident outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine whether FSQR was related to the total number of NH resident Covid-19 cases and deaths.Design This study analyzed 6,978 nursing homes across the country with data from CMS Nursing Home Compare, CMS COVID-19 Nursing Home Public File, Long-term Care Focus, Payroll Based Journal, Rural-Urban Commuting Area. Negative binomial regressions were used to investigate associations between FSQR and NH COIVD-19 outcomes controlling for state fixed effects and clustering of nursing homes within counties. The characteristics of facility, residents, payer-mix, nursing staff, and geographic location were also controlled. ResultsComparing to NH with 1-star in Health Inspection, Staffing, or Overall ratings, NH with better performance have lower risk of having increased number of COVID cases and deaths among residents. Further, nursing home Quality Measures rating is not significantly associated with residents' COVID-19 deaths. ConclusionOverall, the FSQR is a useful measure of quality in part when investigating NH's performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future policymakers should pay special attention to providers performing poorly in FSQR when improving the quality of nursing homes, particularly regarding infection control.
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Background There were many hypertensive patients at non-high risk of developing COVID-19 that needed to be medical observation at home, but the changes in their blood pressure and measurement frequency as well as heart rate during the period are still unclear. Objective To perform an analysis of the changes in blood pressure and measurement frequency as well as heart rate in hypertensive patients that needed to be medical observation at home. Methods Through the iHealth cloud platform, data〔including age, sex, systolic blood pressure（SBP） and diastolic blood pressure（DBP）measured by the iHealth Clear （BPM1） at home, and heart rate〕were collected from December 1st, 2019 to March 27th, 2020, involving all hypertensive patients in Wuhan who had an ID number for consecutively uploading blood pressure readings, and were desensitized for removing the confidential information. The features of blood pressure during the period were analyzed. ARIMAX model was used to assess the association of age, sex, number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per day, cumulative confirmed COVID-19 deaths, time granularity and the traffic control with participants' blood pressure and hear rates. Results In total, blood pressure readings of 36 472 measurements by the participants using 1 232 iHealth Clear （BPM1） were collected during the 118-day period. Men demonstrated higher mean SBP, DBP and heart rate than women（P<0.05）. After January 23, 2020, the mean SBP of the participants decreased from （141±19）mm Hg to （138±18）mm Hg（P<0.05）. The analysis using the ARIMAX model revealed that after adjusting for month, week, age and number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per day, male participants showed a decrease in blood pressure（βSBP=-1.08×10-3, P=0.028, βDBP=-6.35×10-4, P=0.002）, and an increase in heart rate （βHR=2.02, P=0.003）and measurement frequency （βtimes=0.035, P=0.002）. But no significant changes were seen in females（P<0.05）. Conclusion In general, among hypertensive patients that needed to be medical observation at home, males were found with higher mean SBP, DBP, heart rate and blood pressure measurement frequency. And these hypertensive patients were found with decreased SBP and DBP after the implementation of traffic control. Using the Internet to store blood pressure data measured by the home blood pressure monitor for data assessment and treatment, is contribute to out-of-hospital management of blood pressure in hypertensive patients, which demonstrates the significance of Internet in combination with healthcare. © 2022 Chinese General Practice. All rights reserved.
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At the end of 2019, COVID-19 started to rage and the vaccine became the most effective solution. the COVID-19 vaccine triggered a high level of attention from social media. twitter became one of the main platforms for the public to post their attitudes and tendencies towards the COVID-19 vaccine, providing a text corpus for public opinion research based on public sentiment analysis. In this paper, we use Twitter posted between August 2020 and August 2021 as the information base. We use the BiLSTM with Attention Mechanism algorithm to calculate the sentiment value of the data, then we use the temporal and spatial dimensions to mine the topics users pay attention to. The results show that positive or negative public sentiment toward vaccines is influenced by external influences (e.g., vaccine safety events, increase in the number of patients receiving vaccines, etc.) and varies by region. The more severe the outbreak (e.g., India, the United States, etc.), the higher the user engagement. The lower the sentiment status and predicted value, the greater the impact on the trend of opinion evolution. In opinion-related networks, the level of engagement with the topic also varies by region and is closely related to the severity of the epidemic, the extent of vaccine promotion and the evolution of topical events. Understanding vaccination sentiment through Twitter can help institutions improve vaccination by keeping abreast of public sentiment about the new crown vaccine. © 2022 IEEE.
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Changzhou, a typical industrial city located in the center of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, has experienced serious air pollution in winter. However, Changzhou still receives less attention compared with other big cities in YRD. In this study, a four-month PM2.5 sampling campaign was conducted in Changzhou, China from 1 November 2019, to 1 February 2020. The period covers the entire wintertime and includes first week of the Level 1 response stage of the lockdown period due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The mean PM2.5 concentrations were 67.9 +/- 29.0 mu gm(-3), ranging from 17.4 to 157.4 mu gm(-3). Secondary inorganic ions were the most abundant species, accounting for 37 and 50% during the low and high PM2.5 pollution periods, respectively. Nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) during the high PM concentration level period was twice the low PM concentration period whereas sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) showed a less significant increase. This represents that nitrate formation is potentially the predominant factor controlling the occurrence of PM pollution. The analysis of NOR, SOR as functions of relative humidity (RH) and ozone (O-3) concentrations suggest that the sulfate formation was mainly through aqueous-phase reaction, while nitrate formation was driven by both photochemistry and heterogeneous reaction. And, excess ammonium could promote the formation of nitrate during the high PM period, indicating that ammonia gas played a critical role in regulating nitrate. Furthermore, a special period-Chinese New Year overlapping first week of COVID-19 lockdown period, offered a precious window to study the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation. During the special period, the average PM2.5 mean concentration was 60.4 mu gm(-3), which did not show in a low value as expected. The declines in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions led to rapid increases in O-3 and atmospheric oxidizing capacity, as well as sulfate formation. The chemical profiles and compositions obtained during different periods provide a scientific basis for establishing efficient atmospheric governance policies in the future.
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Domain-Specific Architectures (DSAs) and hardware-software co-design are greatly emphasized in the CS community, which demands a significant number of participants with Computer System (CSys) capabilities and skills. Conventional CSys courses in a lecture-lab format are limited in physical resources and inherently difficult to cultivate talents at a large scale. Online teaching is a potential alternative to instantly enlarge the face-to-face class size. Unfortunately, simply putting the lecture contents in CSys courses online lacks 1) personal attention, 2) learner-instructor interactions, and 3) real-hardware experimental environments. To tackle the above challenges, we introduce a four phase online CSys course program and the related teaching methods for a cloud-based teaching platform. The four-phase course program included two basic/required stages and two advanced/optional stages to promote students' knowledge and skill level with appropriate personal attention. We studied if online interaction methods, such as in-class chat and one-on-one online grading interview, can strengthen the connections between teachers and students in both lectures and labs. We created a heterogeneous cloud platform to enable students nationwide to reliably conduct labs or projects on remote programmable hardware. We believe that our proposed course design methodology is beneficial to other CScourses in the post-COVID-19-era. © 2021 IEEE.
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The book provides a meticulous analysis of economic development and concomitant problems in China since the late 1970s and advances suggestions on further economic modernisation and transition from both theoretical and practical angles. Based on theories from development economics and solid empirical studies, the authors, two renowned Chinese economists, provide a perceptive analysis of the Chinese development model in the post-Mao era. They shed light on questions that have perplexed many: How can China sustain the rapid growth of the past 40 years? Is there a unique "China path" to economic progress? They argue compellingly that China's development model has to switch from a manufacturing-driven one to a brand-new approach, centring on scientific and technical innovation and the integration of its existing economic structure into an increasingly complex global economy. Such transformation will help overcome the "middle-income trap" while addressing other institutional and economic challenges. The book will appeal to students, scholars and policymakers interested in the Chinese and global economies, as well as transnational studies in the post-COVID-19 world. General readers willing to obtain a grasp of Chinese economic development from the insider's perspective will also find it useful. © 2021 Yinxing Hong and Ninghua Sun. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To develop a novel method for detection of genomic RNA of 2019-nCoV with reverse-transcription thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA) and lateral flow dipsticks. Methods: This study included 143 PCR-negative nucleic acid specimens and 20 PCR- positive nucleic acid specimens collected from patients from January to April 2020 at Institute of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital. 5 pairs of primers were designed for conserved sequence of both gene N and E of 2019-nCoV, and the amplicons were analyzed by gel electrophoresis to screen out the most efficient primers. High level (5×105 copies/ml) and low level (5×102 copies/ml) templates were amplified, and lateral flow dipsticks (LFD) were used to detect amplification products. The amplification time and visualization time were optimized to visualize the results, and the optimal tHDA-LFD reaction system was established. Simulated specimens with low, medium, and high concentrations were detected for 15 times, and precision was assessed. The limit of detection was evaluated using tenfold serial dilutions of 2019-nCoV in contrived samples. To evaluate the cross-reactivity, six samples of respiratory viruses, including influenza A virus, influenza B virus, human adenovirus, human respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus and coronavirus 229E were tested using this assay. The tHDA-LFD assay was performed to detect 2019-nCoV in 163 clinical specimens stored in our laboratory. The clinical diagnostic efficacy was determined. Results: The established RT-tHDA one-step method combined with LFD was adopted, which could be conducted within 60 min and was reproducible with good precision, showing 100% positive concordance rate. The assay showed no cross reaction with other six human respiratory pathogens. The limit of detection of the RT-tHDA assay was 5×102 copies/ml for both N and E genes detected by LFD. The diagnostic efficacy evaluation showed that the sensitivity of the method was 95.00%(19/20), and the specificity was 100.00%(143/143). The positive predicted value of the method was 100.00% (19/19)and the negative predicted value was 99.31%(143/144). Compared with real-time RT-qPCR assay, it showed Kappa value of 0.971 (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The proposed tHDA-LFD assay is a rapid and visualized method to detect 2019-nCoV.
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INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is associated with significant pulmonary morbidity. We present a series of patients with pneumomediastinum (PM) at a regional, COVID-only designated hospital. Diagnosis, management, and outcomes were evaluated. METHODS: This retrospective study surveyed COVID-19 patients admitted to a regionally designated COVID-only hospital from March through May 2020. Patients diagnosed with PM were classified into two groups: isolated PM (PMO) and PM with concomitant pneumothorax (CMBND). Demographics, ventilatory parameters, and outcomes are included. RESULTS: Of 772 patients evaluated, 18 patients were diagnosed with PM (2%): one-third presented with PMO while two-thirds demonstrated CMBND. Demographic data between groups were comparable with respect to gender, age, history of lung disease, hypertension, and need for mechanical ventilation. Diabetes was more prevalent in the CMBND group. Mean time to diagnosis of PM following admission was 10 days, and 6.5 days following intubation. Indication for evaluation leading to the diagnosis of PM were: incidental (44%), post-intubation chest x-ray (22%), clinical deterioration (22%), and subcutaneous emphysema (11%). At intubation, median PEEP (range) among PMO vs. CMBND was 14 (12-15) vs. 14 (10-18) cm H2O. Median PEEP (range) at diagnosis among PMO vs. CMBND was 12 (12-15) vs. 10 (8-21) cm H2O. At intubation, the median PIP (range) among PMO vs. CMBND was 33 (24-38) vs. 32 (23-55) cm H2O. The median PIP (range) at diagnosis among PMO vs. CMBND was 32 (31-45) vs. 38 (24-60) cm H2O. Median tidal volume and FiO2 for both groups were similar while observed mortality was equal (83%). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in demographic characteristics, mortality or ventilatory parameters between PMO and CMBND. PEEP dynamics were not predictive of impending PM;however, PIP increases did portend development of PM in a large subset of patients. PIP increases of greater than 40% over intubation baseline observed for a median of 8 days were associated with the development of PM. Careful attention to progressive PIP increases over several days should enhance suspicion for PM. The relationship between PIP dynamics and COVID-19 associated PM warrants further investigation.
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Objective: To systematically analyze the basic characteristics and contents of the current health standards for infectious disease, environmental health, school health and disinfection in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control, and provide support for the further optimization of epidemic prevention and control guidelines and reference for the revision and improvement of related health standards. Methods: Public health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were selected for a systematic comparison with "The Plan of COVID19 Prevention and Control (the 6(t)h Edition)" and other epidemic prevention and control guidelines from the perspectives of application scope and technical elements. Results: The current standards of public health are with scientificity, timeliness and feasibility. The application scope and technical elements of the current public health standards basically meet the needs of the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, but the public health standardization system still needs improvement, and some public health standards need to be revised. Conclusions: The implementation of current public health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained from COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control might promote the further improvement of the health standardization system.
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COVID-19 , Humans , Pandemics , Public Health , Reference Standards , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to promote the implementation of the instruction spirit of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau meeting to 'accelerate efforts to make up for the shortcomings in the collection and treatment of medical waste and hazardous waste facilities', modernize the governance system and governance capabilities in the field of hazardous waste environmental management. On the basis of analysis of the national medical waste and hazardous waste environment management situation and emergency treatment of medical waste during the prevention and control of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the shortcomings in the collection and disposal of medical waste and hazardous waste were identified by data analysis and sorting out policy documents, and corresponding countermeasures were proposed. The results show that the collection and disposal system of medical waste needs to be strengthened, the emergency treatment capacity of medical waste is weak, the utilization and disposal capabilities of hazardous waste are not matched, the regional cooperation for centralized disposal and inter-provincial coordination needs to be strengthened, and the disposal industry needs to be upgraded and developed. It is recommended to work from follow aspects, including implementing a national plan for the construction of collection and disposal facilities of medical and hazardous waste, improving the environmental management and emergency response capabilities of medical waste, enhancing the informatization capability of supervision, establishing a multi-level disposal facilities system and upgrading utilization and disposal technologies of hazardous waste and medical waste, and making up for the shortcomings in collection and disposal of medical waste and hazardous waste by strengthening the top-level design and focusing on key areas. © 2020, Editorial Board, Research of Environmental Sciences. All right reserved.
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Objective: To compare the technical elements of health standards for nosocomial infection control, health protection, health information, and health emergency and biosafety in the context of the prevention and control of COVID-19, and provide support for the further optimization of the epidemic prevention and control guidelines. Methods: Above mentioned health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were collected for a systematic comparison with "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Medical Institutions" (the 1(st) Edition) from the perspective of technical elements. Results: The application scope and technical elements of the current health standards basically meet the needs for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions: The implementation of the current health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained in the epidemic prevention and control can also contribute to the further revision and improvement of the health standards.